1-Introduction
Zero-carbon special economic zones have been proposed as one of the new achievements in sustainable development and reducing environmental impacts in the world. By focusing on the use of renewable energy, sustainable design, and efficient resource management, these zones have become a suitable model for other economic zones, including the Kashan Special Economic Zone. In this article, the characteristics and experiences of zero-carbon zones are reviewed and suggestions for use in the Kashan Special Economic Zone are presented.
2- The concept of a zero-carbon special economic zone
Zero-carbon regions are developed with the aim of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, utilizing renewable energy (such as solar and wind energy), and promoting a green economy. These regions also offer a new development model to address the climate change crisis by reducing fossil fuel consumption and smart resource management (Tian, etal, 2019).
Special economic zones can significantly reduce carbon emissions associated with energy consumption. Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectricity offer sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels, thereby reducing the environmental impacts of energy production and consumption. By utilizing these clean energy sources, special economic zones can minimize their contribution to global warming and promote environmental stewardship (Chen, Long, and Lin, 2022).
In an era where sustainability and environmental considerations are an integral part of business actions and investment decisions, special economic zones that are committed to climate considerations can guide investors towards environmental compliance. This, in turn, can first create sustainable development and then economic competitiveness and long-term prosperity for the special economic zones (Jiao, Chen, Bai, 2020).
By investing in education and the development of renewable energy infrastructure and energy-efficient technologies, special economic zones can reduce operating costs, improve productivity, and achieve cost savings in the long term.
3- Main characteristics of zero-carbon zones
Some of the characteristics of low-carbon regions are as follows (Xu, Yang, and Xiao, 2022):
Green energy infrastructure: widespread use of solar panels, wind turbines, and energy storage systems.
Recycling and waste management: creating closed cycles for the reuse of materials.
Sustainable transportation: Using electric vehicles and creating public transportation networks.
Sustainable architectural design: using environmentally friendly materials and designing low-energy buildings.
4- Successful examples of zero-carbon zones
4-1-Masdar Region, United Arab Emirates
The area is recognized as a pioneer in zero-carbon zones, with modern infrastructure and energy management. In line with the UAE’s commitment to sustainability, Masdar is leading global solutions to climate change and helping to create the cities of the future. Masdar accelerates the use of renewable energy and carbon emissions by reducing energy and water demand in the built environment. Masdar buildings are constructed with low-carbon cement and 90% recycled aluminum. The buildings use 40% less energy and water than other similar buildings (https://masdarcity.ae/).
4-2-Shenzhen Special Zone, China
Shenzhen has attempted to establish the first inter-regional carbon trading market in China, and has established the first carbon market capacity building base in China. Before launching the carbon trading market, Shenzhen will calculate the carbon emission inventory and determine the carbon emission quota for companies in the zone. The zone will also provide a subsidy for a three-year trial period for investors to reduce carbon. During the trial period, investors must first determine and report their annual carbon dioxide emissions. An independent monitor will assess their carbon emission reports. Investors must ensure that their annual carbon emissions do not exceed the target set by the government. Participating companies whose carbon emissions are lower than their allowable amount can carry over the excess subsidy to the next year for use or receive some incentives (https://www.c40.org/case-studies/shenzhen-carbon-emission-trading-system/).
5-Lessons learned for the Kashan Special Economic Zone
Given the importance of sustainable development and reducing environmental impacts, the Kashan Special Economic Zone can benefit from the experiences of zero-carbon zones. In this regard, the following measures can be taken:
Creating renewable energy infrastructure: installing solar and wind systems.
Encouraging green industries: Attracting investment in sectors such as clean technologies and sustainable production.
Water and waste resource management: Creating smart systems to reduce waste.
Supporting innovation and education: establishing research centers and promoting environmental knowledge.
6- Conclusion
Using the experiences of zero-carbon zones can transform the Kashan Special Economic Zone into a model of innovation and sustainability. Given the global need to reduce carbon emissions and move towards a green economy, these measures can help increase the competitiveness of the Kashan region in global markets.
